ART ANTHROPOLOGY

One of factor pushing development of art anthropology is man reality as told by Ernst Cassirer ( 1956: 44) man as animal symbolic, at the same time refuses man reality as solely animal rationale. According To Cassirer, which then also is exploited symbolic interaction sociology greeting Meadean ( Riter and Douglas, 2004: 272), system phonetic symbol precedes system to think, because basically mind also expressed through phonetic symbol. In contemporary theory, domination of mind also must be deconstruction, so that system phonetic symbol, including primitive tribe phonetic symbol can be exploited and interpreted. In one party (sides, phonetic symbol is not uniform, enabling system communication can grow unlimitedly. On the other side, as according to opinion E. Bloch ( Sastrapratedja, 1982: ix), man is entity histories, its(the existence determined by a number of factor which is each other influences, that is: a) the relation of man with environment, b) the relation of man with other man, c) the relation of man with structure and institution social, d) the relation of man with culture at space and certain time, e) man and interrelationship between theories and practice, and f) man and religion awareness or Para - religious.

In definitive, art anthropology is study about belles-lettres with relevancy man ( anatropous ). By seeing division of anthropology to become two kinds, that is anthropology physical and anthropology cultural, hence art anthropology is discussed in the relation with anthropology cultural,

with masterpieces yielded by man, like: language, religion, myth, history, hokum, tradition, and swan song, especially belles-lettres. In the relation with three kinds of form of culture yielded by man, that is: idea complex, activity complex, and objects complex, hence art anthropology easy attention at idea complex.

Anthropological study started grows beginning of century ke-20 at the time of colonial nations, especially English puts attention to nation non-European for the agenda of knowing nations characters colonized. In this case art anthropology there are its(the bearing with study oriental is. On the basis of consideration that system cultural an on file nation in language, hence explains belles-lettres is a real important source.

In scope regional and national, clearly art anthropology need to be constructed and developed. Culture polemic of year 1930-an triggered by minds Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana, not solely orients to West, as answered to by other critic and culture. On the contrary, culture polemic haves an eye to finds patterns which applicable to develop national culture patterns, elementary thought which applicable to develop the next artistry models, especially art.

Based on at a term that the belles-lettres is imagination. But it is important to know exactly in imagination energy? power that is anthropological values ‘ trifled’. Rest, their situation of research locus of art anthropology.

Art anthropology is approach of interdisciplinary which is newest in art science. Along the length of knowledge of writer till now approach of art anthropology has not is special study. Issue about art anthropology first time emerges the year 1977 ( payatos, 1988: xi-xv) through congress ‘ Folklore and Literary Anthropology ‘ taking place in Calcutta. Like has been touched before, born it approach model of art anthropology triggered by three root causes, that is: a) either art and also anthropological assumes language as important object, and b) both disciplines takes as problem relevancy culture man, and c) both disciplines also takes as problem oral tradition, especially folklore and myth. Second aspect often generates internal issue to differentiate research boundary between anthropology and art.

Art sociology, art psychology, and art anthropology, as science social humaniora clearly takes as problem man in public, at the same time gives intensity at art and the art theory. Its(the difference, art sociology takes as problem public, art psychology at psychological aspects, art anthropology at culture….

Art anthropology gives attention at man as agent cultural, system relation, system myth, and other habits. Art anthropology tends to focus its(the attention at ancient public, while art sociology tends to focus its(the attention at modern public, complex public. Belles-lettres with myth problem, linguistic with interesting archaist words is analyzed from the angle of art anthropology, while belles-lettres with complex public draws from the angle of art sociology.

Art anthropology basically have been implied in research done by Levi-Strauss in the relation with myth. Levi-Strauss also exploits opposition concept of binary, taboo, and incest for the agenda of building theory about familiarity. Various its(the analysis’s to anthropology based to linguistics model clearly marks indivisible relationship between languages, art, and culture.

One of interesting culture aspect of enthusiasm of the art anthropology observers is image archetype and or image primordial. In histories, archetype admission in analyzing belles-lettres through two lines. Firstly, like has been touched above, through analytic psychology of Jung, second through anthropology Frazer. Tradition firstly traces psychological footsteps, coming up experience typology repeatedly, as brain racial, like myth, dream, fantasy, and religion, including belles-lettres. Second tradition, traces patterns elemental myth and ritual which in general implied in legend and ceremony. In belles-lettres, this symptom seems to through description of narrative patterns, figures typology.

Relevancy criticism archetype especially functioning as creativity energy. As quality of brine, image archetype is not must considered to be static symptom. Correctness, image archetype is understanding apriority, but its (the manifests is good as representation of dream and fantasy, creasy and imagination, and also as modern folklore and fiction, as a whole energize by forgotten, functioning in production process and creativity.

Image archetype thereby entangles three different disciplines, history, psychology, and anthropology. On the basis of structure histories, by considering race authority, tribe, family, and other social batches, archetype comes up as one of tendency of man base to maintain quality of its(the survival. On the basis of his(its psychological structure, by considering evolution of biological structure, especially genetics authority, archetype comes up as one of tendency of man to maintain past footstep, especially in sting. Explains image archetype also has tightly bearing with anthropology social, including forgotten Levi-Strauss.

History, psychology, and anthropology each can be accessed in image archetype. World opinion? sight analysis, especially according to vision Goldman Ian, for example, requires total understanding to third of the discipline. In turn, sociology discipline, psychology, and art anthropology enabled to take as problem the same object, as multidiscipline. Like touched to be above, belles-lettres has freedom in entering approximant overall of man culture aspect. Man of letters is creator words, builds world in word. Man of letters can free words substance and sentence into words image and sentence so that continually is created new world impressing is seen for the first time. Man of letters has freedom as according to imaginative laws of fictional, interlards fibula world into suzette.

Scanning to theme, world opinion? sight, certain motif and concepts in belles-lettres, like concept Faust and Arjuna constituting difference between West souls and East as introduces by Sanusi Pane, anticipated contains research aspects of art anthropology. Poems Kong ret Sutardji Calzoum Bachri, magical short stories of Danarto also is anticipated has dimension to be rich anthropological. Myth Nyi Roro Kidul if discussed on the basis of trust of public to power Laut Kidul is anthropological study, while if discussed in the relation with impact social public will become art sociology. Linguistic level in Balinese is discussed [by] through anthropological study in the relation with class social as its(the supporter. And so do will become psychological study if related to psychological impact of its(the consumer. Need to be given note that discussion meant done [by] through belles-lettres structure, anthropological as swan song so that belles-lettres is unsure primary, non secondary. Because of art anthropology is concerning culture problem, hence besides through figure, earns also is detected through background, like public background Dayak, Tengger, Irian Jaya, Sunda etcetera.

Same as art sociology and art psychology, art anthropology also functions to introduce properties of repertoire cultural nation so that each culture becomes property for other.

Born it study multicultural, poststructuralist in general pushes study intensity interdisciplinary. Culture aspects is not at all diffraction is comprehended separated from other symptom. Art is integral part ancient, tells various life aspects by the way of creative imaginative, at the same time sensible. Like touched to be above, art anthropology takes as problem belles-lettres in its(the relationship with man as culture producer. Man who meant is man in masterpiece, especially as figures the relation of this is belles-lettres is study multicultural because through perceivable belles-lettres of many of man with its (the culture. modern Indonesia Art, since book hall until now explains has told existence various tribes, religion race, and tradition. With reading perceivable belles-lettres of Sunda culture, Java, Bali, etcetera. Culture of Java explains not homogeny, but presenting assorted of culture with smaller scope, that way further.

Same as art sociology, analysis related to art anthropology meant is itself belles-lettres, by exploiting theory and anthropology data. a poem using words archaist, like ‘ Create Story Dien Tamaela” ( Chairil Anwar), not directly is released and attributed to certain culture, because this way solely places belles-lettres as unsure secondary. Words archaist has become belles-lettres, as soul, as anthropology, non art. Words archaist discussed in itself art that is exactly later evokers will overall of form and contents of masterpiece.

With existence of intensity at man in certain culture, art anthropology has relevancy with color art local, masterpiece type which during the time has not many draws enthusiasm, especially as creative art. Art anthropology, besides having bearing with research postcolonial, clearly has relevancy with itself poststructuralist, by the way of lifting belles-lettres repertoire regional. At the time of creating, either directly and also indirect, either as quality of form and also content, author presents certain unsure of Hashanah cultural involved, as unsure anthropological.

Either Freud and also Levi-Strauss ( Ino Rossi, 1974: 19) assumes that more important structure compared to itself awareness. Practically art anthropology is expected able to assist introduces Hashanah cloistered art and isolated, indirectly means has assisted understanding ‘ Bhineka Tunggal Ika’.